Which of the following factors increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis?

Smoking is recognized as a factor that increases the risk of developing osteoarthritis. It affects the body's ability to heal and repair itself, leading to a plethora of health problems, including issues in the musculoskeletal system. Smoking may also contribute to decreased bone density and may impair circulation, which can exacerbate joint health.

On the other hand, a diet high in calcium is generally beneficial for bone health, as calcium is crucial for maintaining strong bones and preventing conditions like osteoporosis, which can affect joint health indirectly. Regular exercise tends to help maintain a healthy weight and strengthen the muscles around joints, which can reduce the risk of osteoarthritis. Young age typically does not correlate with increased risk; osteoarthritis is more prevalent in older adults, as joint wear and tear accumulates over time.