What phenomenon occurs when a magnet is passed back and forth through a copper circle?

When a magnet is passed back and forth through a copper circle, it induces an electric current inside the copper. This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction, which is a fundamental principle of electromagnetism. According to Faraday's Law of Induction, a changing magnetic field within a closed loop of wire (in this case, the copper circle) results in the generation of an electromotive force (emf), leading to an electric current.

The movement of the magnet alters the magnetic field around the copper, and as the magnetic field changes, it creates an electric current in the conductor. This is a key concept in physics that shows how magnetic fields can be converted into electrical energy.